Safe Operating Practices for Forklifts

Forklifts are commonplace in workplaces across the country. They make moving heavy loads easier and more efficient, but they also come with serious risks if not operated correctly. According to OSHA, forklift-related accidents cause thousands of injuries and dozens of fatalities every year.

When working with a forklift, operators face hazards such as overturning, falling loads, collisions and even crushing injuries. These incidents often occur due to unsafe driving practices or a lack of attention to one’s surroundings. The good news is that most of these accidents are preventable. By understanding the hazards and following safe travel practices, operators can protect themselves and everyone around them.

This article outlines what you should do and what you should never do when operating a forklift.

What to Do

Following these steps will help you maintain control of the forklift and reduce the risk of injury:

• Keep forks low while moving. Always travel with forks about 4–6 inches off the ground. This keeps the forklift stable, preventing tipping and reducing the chance of hitting objects or creating tripping hazards for pedestrians.
• Drive at a safe speed. Operate at a controlled speed that allows you to stop smoothly and avoid sudden movements. Slow down when turning, approaching intersections, or driving near pedestrians.
• Look in the direction of travel. Never assume your path is clear. Face the direction you are moving and check for obstacles, pedestrians and other forklifts before proceeding.
• Use your horn at blind spots and intersections. Sound the horn when approaching corners, doorways, or areas with limited visibility to alert others of your presence and prevent collisions.
• Maintain a safe distance. Leave enough space between your forklift and other vehicles or pedestrians to allow for safe stopping and maneuvering. A good rule is at least three forklift lengths.
• Watch for ground hazards. Inspect your route for spills, holes, or uneven surfaces that could cause loss of control or tipping. Report hazards immediately to prevent accidents.
• Secure loads properly. Ensure loads are balanced, stable and within the forklift’s rated capacity before moving. A poorly secured load can shift or fall, causing injuries or damage.
• Follow designated travel routes. Stick to marked aisles and obey posted signs. Designated routes are designed to minimize congestion and reduce the risk of collisions.

What Not to Do

Avoid these unsafe behaviors when operating a forklift:

• Do not travel with the load raised. Driving with elevated forks makes the forklift unstable and increases the risk of tipping or striking overhead objects. Always keep forks low.
• Do not exceed speed limits. Operating too fast reduces your ability to stop safely and react to unexpected hazards. Speeding is one of the leading causes of forklift accidents.
• Do not allow passengers. Forklifts are designed for one operator only. Carrying others can lead to falls, crushing injuries or loss of control.
• Do not make sharp turns with a raised load. Turning too quickly with an elevated load can cause the forklift to overturn or the load to fall, creating a significant hazard.
• Do not ignore visibility issues. If the load blocks your view, never guess. Use a spotter or travel in reverse when necessary to maintain a clear line of sight.
• Do not operate on unsafe surfaces. Avoid steep grades, slippery floors, or uneven terrain unless you have taken proper precautions to maintain control and stability.
• Do not travel into a position that could put a coworker at risk. Never move into a spot where, if the forklift were to jump forward, the brakes failed or the wrong lever were pushed, a coworker could be pinned between the forklift and another object. Always maintain a safe clearance around people and structures to prevent accidents.
• Do not pass other trucks at dangerous locations. Never attempt to pass another forklift traveling in the same direction at intersections, blind spots, or other areas where visibility is limited. Passing in these conditions dramatically increases the risk of collisions and injuries.
• Do not position your arms and legs outside of the forklift. Never extend your arms or legs outside the operator compartment while the forklift is moving. Doing so can lead to severe injuries if you strike an object or get caught between the forklift and another surface.

Conclusion

Safe operating practices are critical for preventing forklift accidents and injuries. Always follow these guidelines when operating a forklift. Doing so will help keep you and your coworkers safe. If you have questions about forklift safety, contact your supervisor.

Article Published By: Zywave, Inc.